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 Special Issue on The Sustainable Development Goals

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Volume 8 , December

Issue 8

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31 December 2025

Vol. 9,  Special Issue (Bi-yearly)



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Solar Powered Agriculture Monitoring Robot Using Raspberry Pi

Abstract

The solar-powered agriculture monitoring robot, on Raspberry Pi 3 as the control unit, revolutionizes precisionfarmingby integrating renewable energy with multi-sensor IoT architecture for real-time field monitoring. This autonomous system, asdepicted in the block diagram, harnesses a solar panel and battery power supply to drive all operations sustainably, eliminatinggrid dependency and enabling deployment in remote farmlands prevalent in regions like Karnataka, India. Key components include environmental sensors interfaced with the Raspberry Pi: capacitive soil moisture sensor v1.2for irrigationoptimization, DS18B20 waterproof temperature sensor for soil temperature, DHT22 for air temperature andhumidity,BH1750/TSL2561 for light intensity, and analog pH sensor for soil acidity detection. An image/picture capture module(likelyPiCamera) facilitates visual crop health analysis, while a 34" LCD screen displays live data and alerts. Mobility is poweredbyDCmotors (M1 and M2) controlled via a motor driver, supporting navigation across uneven terrain with implied obstacle avoidance.The Raspberry Pi processes sensor inputs using Python-based scripts for data fusion, thresholding algorithms, andmachinelearning models (e.g., OpenCV for pest detection). Wireless connectivity—via built-in Wi-Fi or optional GSM—transmits analyticsto a farmer's app or cloud dashboard, triggering automated responses like sprinkler activation for low moisture (<30%) ornutrientdosing for suboptimal pH (ideal 6.0-7.0). Energy management optimizes solar charging, yielding 10-12 hours of runtimeunderpartial shade, with low-power modes extending batterylife. Keywords: Autonomous navigation, Real-time monitoring, IoT data transmission, Precision farming, Renewable energy, Sensorfusion, Wireless alerts.

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Computer Science ,Electronics, Electrical  Engineering Information Technology, Civil, Computer Science and Engineering , Mechanical, Mechanical-Sandwich Petroleum, Production Instrumentation & Control, Automobile ,Chemical, Electronics Instrumentation& Control, Electronics & Telecommunication  Submit paper at oaijse@gmail.com



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