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 Special Issue on The Sustainable Development Goals

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Volume 9, May 2026

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31 May 2026

Vol. 9,  Special Issue (Bi-yearly)



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Experimental Investigation on the Axial Pullout Capacity of Helical Piles inLoose Sand

Abstract

Helical piles provide a rapidly installable deep-foundation solution for structures subjected to uplift and axial actions.This paper presents a laboratory investigation of the axial pullout response of single-, double-, and triple-helix model piles embeddedin loose sand. The model piles used a 15 mm steel shaft, 75 mm diameter helices, 2 mm helix thickness, 15 mm pitch, and 700 mmtotal length. Pullout tests were conducted at embedment ratios H/D = 2.5 and 4.0 using a tank-and-pulley loading system with dialgauge displacement measurement. The measured ultimate pullout capacities were 5.67, 7.56, and 9.45 kg at H/D = 2.5 and 12.72,16.62, and 23.69 kg at H/D = 4 for piles with one, two, and three helices, respectively. The test results show a consistent increase inuplift resistance with both helix number and embedment ratio, while the load-displacement curves indicate progressively delayedand reduced deformation before failure as the number of helices increases. The study demonstrates the combined importance ofhelix configuration and embedment in the pullout performance of model helical piles in loose cohesionless soil.Index Terms— axial pullout, embedment ratio, helical pile, loose sand, model test, uplift capacity

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