This study examines the impact of population growth on forest ecosystems in Namkum and Mandar blocks of Ranchi district, Jharkhand. While Namkum faces rapid urbanization and land-use changes, Mandar remains largely rural but is also experiencing population-driven pressure on forest resources. Both regions reveal how demographic expansion leads to forest degradation, biodiversity loss, and socio-economic challenges for communities reliant on forests. The research highlights the need for integrated approaches to balance human development with environmental sustainability. Keywords:Population Growth, Forest Degradation, Land Use Change, Namkum, Mandar, Ranchi, Jharkhand, Urbanization, Rural Communities, Biodiversity, Forest Ecosystems, Sustainable Developmen