Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an integral element of modern business ethics and operations. In the banking sector, CSR has expanded from mere philanthropic gestures to comprehensive strategies encompassing sustainability, financial inclusion, ethical governance, and community development. Both public and private banks engage in CSR; however, their motivations, implementation strategies, scope, and impact differ significantly. This paper explores the evolution of CSR in banking, compares public and private sector approaches, and presents empirical data to analyze effectiveness. By studying case examples such as State Bank of India (SBI) and HDFC Bank, the paper aims to reveal the changing dynamics and future direction of CSR in Indian banking. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Financial Inclusion, Sustainable Finance, Environmental Sustainability, Green Banking, Community Development, CSR Strategies, Banking Sector, CSR Impact, India