Waterlogging and flood therefore constitutes the main hazards in the northern Bihar plains resulting due to surplus water availability in the region. The severity of these hazards turns into a disaster due to existence of high population density with low socio-economic status. Therefore, examination of vulnerability of society to these hazards in view of changing climatic conditions need evaluation of past and present spatial occurrence of these hazards vis-a`-vis socio-economic conditions of present population existing in these regions. In order to understand the causative factor behind waterlogging and to determine geo-hydrological constraints on waterlogging it is important to examine the spatial extent of waterlogging and its seasonal variation with reference to geomorphology, subsurface lithological variation, relief, groundwater level as well as anthropogenic activity. It is imperative that recurrent floods in the region cause extensive waterlogging, therefore understanding of rainfall pattern during the southwest monsoon season in the entire catchment area of rivers draining the area can provide severity of flood induced hazards in each catchment. Relating waterlogging and flood induced hazards to socio-economic aspect can help in prioritizing the scientifically driven mitigation plans to combat ill effect of such hazards. Such studies based on Remote Sensing and Geographical Information system (GIS) can provide a better platform for developing insight into the intricate relations of various hydro-geological parameters influencing waterlogging and flood hazards in the area. 

Keywords: Flood, Waterlogging, Indo- Gangetic Plains, Remote Sensing, GIS